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Lessons Learned from
ASEAN
Regional Cooperation
By
Adelina Kamal, Senior Officer, ASEAN Secretariat
Regional Workshop on Strengthening the Asia Forest
Slide 1: Map of Southeast Asia
Slide 2: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- Brunei Darussalam
- Cambodia
- Indonesia
- Lao PDR
- Malaysia
- Myanmar
- Philippines
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Viet Nam
Slide 3: Picture of ASEAN Secretariat
Slide 4: Why should we form partnership?
- Similarities
- Proximity - geographical propinquity
- Common good
- Shared benefits and risks
- Gaps and opportunities
- Learning experience
- Synergy - greater strength
Slide 5: Why work regionally?
- Similar cultures, values, background
- Convergence through geography
- Integration
- Economies of scale - regional specialisation
- Catalyse and complements measures at national level
- Faster learning experience
- Synergy - better position, greater access to international collaboration
and technical support
Slide 6: ASEAN Way
- Vision of ASEAN Leaders
- Established mechanisms
- Consensus building
- Unity in diversity
- Solidarity and partnership
- Not a supranational government
Slide 7: Bali Concord II, October 2003
ASEAN Community by the year 2020 that will rest on the three pillars of ASEAN
Security Community, ASEAN Economic Community, and ASEAN Socio-cultural Community
Slide 8: Established Mechanisms
- Provide platforms for sustained cooperation
- Monitor progress of implementation
- Ensure follow-up and sustainability
Slide 9: Institutional Arrangement for ASEAN Cooperation on Transboundary
Haze Pollution

*) ad hoc WG = Working Group; SRFA = Sub-Regional Fire-fighting Arrangements
Slide 10: Vision, Mission, Programmes, Projects
- Vision 2020
- Medium-term plans (Hanoi Plan of Action, Vientiane Action Programme)
- Operational plans - projects/activities
- Corresponding national plans
- Appraisal and endorsement
- Implementation mechanisms
- Monitoring and evaluation
Slide 11: ASEAN Regional Integration Process
Slide 12: Implementing Vehicles
- Programmes: such as the Regional Haze Action Plan (RHAP), the ASEAN
Regional Programme on Disaster Management (ARPDM)
- Projects: such as operational activities under the RHAP and ARPDM
.. means to accelerate and achieve regional integration process..
Slide 13: Regional Haze Action Plan
The Objectives
- to prevent land and forest fires through better management policies and
enforcement
- to establish operational mechanisms to monitor land and forest fires
- to strengthen regional land and forest firefighting capability and other
mitigating measures
Slide 14: Regional Haze Action Plan
- Lead to the development of National Haze Action
Plans and their relevant Detailed
Implementation Plans (DIPs)
- National Haze Action Plans: details
of activities to be carried out at national level, measures to complement
regional actions
Slide 15: ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative
- Mechanism for cooperation and exchange among ASEAN members to address
peatland management, fire and haze
- Regional strategy and national action plans
- ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy - being developed
→ 2nd regional workshop in October 2004
- National consultations to develop and adopt national action plans
Slide 16: Stages of Regional Integration
- Comparing national experiences and practices
- Bridging the gaps between national capacities of member countries
- Harmonisation of management regimes
- Achieving regional economy of scale
- Building a regional institution and expanding integration
Slide 17: Logical Structure for Development Interventions
Stage 1: Comparing national experiences and
practices |
Approach: Exchange of best practices |
Objectives (1) |
Outputs (2) |
Activities (3) |
Inputs (4) |
Success Indicators (5) |
|
To identify gaps and overlaps between countries
To document common development problems, interventions, solutions
To disseminate knowledge and experiences on development problem
solving
To establish a network of professionals |
Baseline data & mapping the state of developments
Proceedings, Compendium, Books on development experiences
Practitioners & Professionals informed about the knowledge of others
Network, association, body, or institutionalized mechanism for
further knowledge exchanges |
Survey and Compilation Exercise
Workshop, Seminars, Conference, Publicity
Congress, Periodic Meetings |
Properly selected & targeted audience,
Expert Services
Venue, participants travels and logistics
Cost of production and distribution of information |
Number of documented, published and utilized information (books,
websites, etc.)
Number and sectoral or regional distribution of practitioners
involved
Number and level of institutions involved in the network |
Slide 18: Logical Structure for Development Interventions
Stage 2: Bridging the gaps between national
capacities of member countries |
Approach: Special assistance |
Objectives (1) |
Outputs (2) |
Activities (3) |
Inputs (4) |
Success Indicators (5) |
|
To provide direct assistance to less advantaged target groups
To build capacity for self-help
To assist in the solicitation of external "investors or support" |
Prototype solution to a particular development problem
Capacity building, framework or plan
Bankable project design and documentation |
Case study projects
Training for trainers and technical assistance
Feasibility and design study
Comparative studies |
Small- scale development resources (expert, infrastructure)
Training expert, modules, classes/ participants, and
Expert services |
Number of a completed prototype system Number and distribution of
trained trainers Number of accepted project designs by "the investors" |
Slide 19: Regional Haze Action Plan
Stage 3: Building consistent management regime |
Approach: Harmonisation |
Objectives (1) |
Outputs (2) |
Activities (3) |
Inputs (4) |
Success Indicators (5) |
|
To cross-reference and map each other' practices and to develop
"dictionary" of practices
To synergize practices to achieve common goals
To apply commonly agreed practices
|
Dictionary of nomenclatures of different practices
Coordination framework for synergetic planning and operation
Adopted standard, procedures, and guide to implement standard |
Compilation of nomenclature
Drawing up and adoption of a coordination framework
Development of a model standard, procedures, and implementation
guides
|
Expert services, facilitators
Meeting venue and logistics
Coordination infrastructure |
Coverage of the dictionary in translating different nomenclatures
Number of Established coordination mechanism
Number of adopted and implemented standard practices, procedures and
guidelines |
Slide 20: Logical Structure for Development Interventions
Stage 4: Achieving regional economy of scale |
Approach: Joint 的nvestment・/b> |
Objectives (1) |
Outputs (2) |
Activities (3) |
Inputs (4) |
Success Indicators (5) |
|
To achieve economy of scale in "investment"
To optimize sharing of resources
To complete regional coverage of services (e.g., in infrastructure
development) |
Joint portfolio "investment" projects
Framework for resource and benefit sharing
Mosaic/ contiguity of service coverage |
Joint feasibility studies and design Development of cost sharing
framework and mechanism Coordination of coverage planning (e.g., in
infrastructure) |
Expert services, meeting venue and logistics
Coordination venue and facilities
Implementation resources |
Scale of Economy
Return on investment at individual and aggregate levels
Level of continuity and interchange-ability of service coverage |
Slide 21: Logical Structure for Development Interventions
Stage 5: Building a regional institution and
expanding regionalism |
Approach: Regional integration & expansion |
Objectives (1) |
Outputs (2) |
Activities (3) |
Inputs (4) |
Success Indicators (5) |
|
To establish a single management regime
To establish regionally-scaled production and market bases
To deliver consistent products and services
To extend the management regime beyond the region
To extend production and market bases (e.g., of ASEAN brands)
To improve regional products and services |
Regional policy and management framework
Consistent management institutions and operational practices
Regional production, distribution and consumption strategy and plan
Inter-regional policy framework
Inter-regional management institutions and operations strategy
Inter-regional sustainable production, distribution and consumption
blueprint Study and workshop for policy formulation
Capacity building and expert support for institutional change
Regional planning and project design missions/ exercises
Regional compliance enforcement |
Study and workshop for policy formulation
Inter-regional negotiations and cooperation Inter-regional compliance
monitoring and negotiations Expert services, meeting venue and logistics
Coordination venue and facilities Institutional resources for
regionally established institutions |
Expert services, meeting venue and logistics
Negotiation venue, expertise and facility
Institutional resources for inter-regional cooperation Level of
consistency in public goods and services delivery capacity |
Level of consistency in public and private goods and services prices
Number of regional 砺enture・with balanced and complementary
comparative advantages
Rate of expansion in coverage of public goods and services delivery
capacity
Competitive public and private goods costs (vis-・vis other regions)
Competitive price of the region's products in the global market |
Slide 22: Stage 1: Identify gaps and overlaps between member countries
- Inventory and assessment of fire management capacities in ASEAN member
countries (1998)
- Review of forest firefighting training status within the region (1999)
- Review of the extent and status of peatlands - work under APMI
(2003/ongoing)
Slide 23: Stage 1: Document common development problems,
interventions, solutions
- Conduct of dialogue sessions on zero burning, field visits,
demonstration of best practices (2000- )
- Development of guidelines on zero burning practices (2003)
- Development of guidelines on controlled burning (2003)
- Demonstrations & replication of models to be done at national level
Slide 24: Stage 1: Disseminate knowledge and experiences
World Conference and Exhibition on Land and Forest Fire Hazards (June 2002,
Malaysia)
Slide 25: Stage 1: Disseminate knowledge and experiences
Slide 26: Stage 2: Bridging the gaps by providing technical assistance
Fire Suppression Mobilisation Plans in selected districts:
- Musi Banyuasin, Muara Enim (1999), Ogan Komering Ilir, and Musi Rawas
(2000) of South Sumatra province
- Banjar and Tanah Laut districts of South Kalimantan province (2000)
- Kutai Barat district of East Kalimantan province (2001)
- Tanjung Jabung Barat district of Jambi province (2002)
Models to be replicated in other districts and implemented at provincial
level
Slide 27: Stage 2: Bridging the gaps by providing technical assistance
Fire Suppression Mobilisation Plans (provincial and district level) in West
Kalimantan (2001):
- SOP or Protap of West Kalimantan formalised by SK Gubernur No. 41/2001
and suggestion to replicate the model in other provinces
Fire Suppression Mobilisation Plans (provincial and district level) in Riau
Province (1999, 2001)
Slide 28: Stage 2: Bridging the gaps by providing technical assistance
Workshop to explore traditional values of Dayak and Melayu tribes in managing
fires & haze (March 2001)
Pilot project on community-based fire management in Rasau Jaya, West
Kalimantan
- development of a model of "Masyarakat Peduli Api"
- inputs for the development of ASEAN痴 controlled burning guidelines
- replication of the models in other fire-prone districts
Slide 29: Stage 3: Development of standards and procedures
SOP to provide guidelines for the implementation of monitoring, assessment
and joint emergency response components under the Haze Agreement
Slide 30: Stage 4: Achieving Regional Economies of scale
ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ASMC) as a regional monitoring
centre for land and forest fire and transboundary haze pollution
Regional information clearinghouse → ASEAN Haze
Action Online
www.haze-online.or.id
Regional inventory of firefighting resources →
available online for members
Slide 31: Regionality Criteria
The problem or need is regional, not national by definition
The problem or need requires regional cooperation to bring about a solution
Slide 32: APRAISAL AND ENDORSEMENT PROCESS OF PROJECT PROPOSALS
- Submission through an ASEAN Sub-Committee or Working Group
- Forwarding of proposal to relevant ASEAN Secretariat Bureaux
- Proposal format and project design review by PCU
- Project appraisal by PAC
- PAC recommendations to revise, reformulate, or proceed
- Forwarding of PAC recommendations to Sub-Committee or Working
Group
(this is an iterative process in the case of revision or reformulation)
- Presentation to an ASEAN Committee or Senior Officials Meeting
for endorsement
Forwarding of proposal to ASEAN Secretariat for further transmittal to
the ASEAN
Standing Committee (ASC)
- Presentation of the proposal to ASEAN Standing Committee for
Endorsement
- Presentation of the proposal to Dialogue Partner for funding
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Slide 33: Some Suggestions for the AFP
- Set common visions and goals
- Determine ways of doing things
- Establish mechanisms for implementation and monitoring
- Set clear priority and criteria
- Develop long-term, medium-term and operational plans
- Determine appropriate development interventions for each stage of
cooperation
- Form leadership to spearhead activities
- Get sufficient technical support
- Establish strong coordination support
- Ensure members' plans correspond to agendas of AFP
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