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Lessons Learned from ASEAN
Regional Cooperation

By

Adelina Kamal, Senior Officer, ASEAN Secretariat
Regional Workshop on Strengthening the Asia Forest


Slide 1: Map of Southeast Asia


Slide 2: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

  • Brunei Darussalam
  • Cambodia
  • Indonesia
  • Lao PDR
  • Malaysia
  • Myanmar
  • Philippines
  • Singapore
  • Thailand
  • Viet Nam

Slide 3: Picture of ASEAN Secretariat


Slide 4: Why should we form partnership?

  • Similarities
  • Proximity - geographical propinquity
  • Common good
  • Shared benefits and risks
  • Gaps and opportunities
  • Learning experience
  • Synergy - greater strength

Slide 5: Why work regionally?

  • Similar cultures, values, background
  • Convergence through geography
  • Integration
  • Economies of scale - regional specialisation
  • Catalyse and complements measures at national level
  • Faster learning experience
  • Synergy - better position, greater access to international collaboration and technical support

Slide 6: ASEAN Way

  • Vision of ASEAN Leaders
  • Established mechanisms
  • Consensus building
  • Unity in diversity
  • Solidarity and partnership
  • Not a supranational government

Slide 7: Bali Concord II, October 2003

ASEAN Community by the year 2020 that will rest on the three pillars of ASEAN Security Community, ASEAN Economic Community, and ASEAN Socio-cultural Community


Slide 8: Established Mechanisms

  • Provide platforms for sustained cooperation
  • Monitor progress of implementation
  • Ensure follow-up and sustainability

Slide 9: Institutional Arrangement for ASEAN Cooperation on Transboundary Haze Pollution

*) ad hoc WG = Working Group; SRFA = Sub-Regional Fire-fighting Arrangements


Slide 10: Vision, Mission, Programmes, Projects

  • Vision 2020
  • Medium-term plans (Hanoi Plan of Action, Vientiane Action Programme)
  • Operational plans - projects/activities
  • Corresponding national plans
  • Appraisal and endorsement
  • Implementation mechanisms
  • Monitoring and evaluation

Slide 11: ASEAN Regional Integration Process


Slide 12: Implementing Vehicles

  • Programmes: such as the Regional Haze Action Plan (RHAP), the ASEAN Regional Programme on Disaster Management (ARPDM)
  • Projects: such as operational activities under the RHAP and ARPDM

.. means to accelerate and achieve regional integration process..


Slide 13: Regional Haze Action Plan

The Objectives

  • to prevent land and forest fires through better management policies and enforcement
  • to establish operational mechanisms to monitor land and forest fires
  • to strengthen regional land and forest firefighting capability and other mitigating measures

Slide 14: Regional Haze Action Plan

  • Lead to the development of National Haze Action Plans and their relevant Detailed Implementation Plans (DIPs)
  • National Haze Action Plans: details of activities to be carried out at national level, measures to complement regional actions

Slide 15: ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative

  • Mechanism for cooperation and exchange among ASEAN members to address peatland management, fire and haze
  • Regional strategy and national action plans
  • ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy - being developed 2nd regional workshop in October 2004
  • National consultations to develop and adopt national action plans

Slide 16: Stages of Regional Integration

  • Comparing national experiences and practices
  • Bridging the gaps between national capacities of member countries
  • Harmonisation of management regimes
  • Achieving regional economy of scale
  • Building a regional institution and expanding integration

Slide 17: Logical Structure for Development Interventions

Stage 1: Comparing national experiences and practices

Approach: Exchange of best practices

Objectives (1)

Outputs (2)

Activities (3)

Inputs (4)

Success Indicators (5)

To identify gaps and overlaps between countries

To document common development problems, interventions, solutions

To disseminate knowledge and experiences on development problem solving

To establish a network of professionals

Baseline data & mapping the state of developments

Proceedings, Compendium, Books on development experiences

Practitioners & Professionals informed about the knowledge of others

Network, association, body, or institutionalized mechanism for further knowledge exchanges

Survey and Compilation Exercise

Workshop, Seminars, Conference, Publicity

Congress, Periodic Meetings

Properly selected & targeted audience,

Expert Services

Venue, participants travels and logistics

Cost of production and distribution of information

Number of documented, published and utilized information (books, websites, etc.)

Number and sectoral or regional distribution of practitioners involved

Number and level of institutions involved in the network


Slide 18: Logical Structure for Development Interventions

Stage 2: Bridging the gaps between national capacities of member countries

Approach: Special assistance

Objectives (1)

Outputs (2)

Activities (3)

Inputs (4)

Success Indicators (5)

To provide direct assistance to less advantaged target groups

To build capacity for self-help

To assist in the solicitation of external "investors or support"

Prototype solution to a particular development problem

Capacity building, framework or plan

Bankable project design and documentation

Case study projects

Training for trainers and technical assistance

Feasibility and design study

Comparative studies

Small- scale development resources (expert, infrastructure)

Training expert, modules, classes/ participants, and

Expert services

Number of a completed prototype system

Number and distribution of trained trainers

Number of accepted project designs by "the investors"


Slide 19: Regional Haze Action Plan

Stage 3: Building consistent management regime

Approach: Harmonisation

Objectives (1)

Outputs (2)

Activities (3)

Inputs (4)

Success Indicators (5)

To cross-reference and map each other' practices and to develop "dictionary" of practices

To synergize practices to achieve common goals

To apply commonly agreed practices
 

Dictionary of nomenclatures of different practices

Coordination framework for synergetic planning and operation

Adopted standard, procedures, and guide to implement standard

Compilation of nomenclature

Drawing up and adoption of a coordination framework

Development of a model standard, procedures, and implementation guides

Expert services, facilitators

Meeting venue and logistics

Coordination infrastructure

Coverage of the dictionary in translating different nomenclatures

Number of Established coordination mechanism

Number of adopted and implemented standard practices, procedures and guidelines


Slide 20: Logical Structure for Development Interventions

Stage 4: Achieving regional economy of scale

Approach: Joint 的nvestment・/b>

Objectives (1)

Outputs (2)

Activities (3)

Inputs (4)

Success Indicators (5)

To achieve economy of scale in "investment"

To optimize sharing of resources

To complete regional coverage of services (e.g., in infrastructure development)

Joint portfolio "investment" projects

Framework for resource and benefit sharing

Mosaic/ contiguity of service coverage

Joint feasibility studies and design

Development of cost sharing framework and mechanism

Coordination of coverage planning (e.g., in infrastructure)

Expert services, meeting venue and logistics

Coordination venue and facilities

Implementation resources

Scale of Economy

Return on investment at individual and aggregate levels

Level of continuity and interchange-ability of service coverage


Slide 21: Logical Structure for Development Interventions

Stage 5: Building a regional institution and expanding regionalism

Approach: Regional integration & expansion

Objectives (1)

Outputs (2)

Activities (3)

Inputs (4)

Success Indicators (5)

To establish a single management regime

To establish regionally-scaled production and market bases

To deliver consistent products and services
To extend the management regime beyond the region

To extend production and market bases (e.g., of ASEAN brands)

To improve regional products and services

Regional policy and management framework

Consistent management institutions and operational practices

Regional production, distribution and consumption strategy and plan

Inter-regional policy framework
Inter-regional management institutions and operations strategy

Inter-regional sustainable production, distribution and consumption blueprint Study and workshop for policy formulation

Capacity building and expert support for institutional change

Regional planning and project design missions/ exercises

Regional compliance enforcement

Study and workshop for policy formulation
Inter-regional negotiations and cooperation

Inter-regional compliance monitoring and negotiations Expert services, meeting venue and logistics

Coordination venue and facilities

Institutional resources for regionally established institutions

Expert services, meeting venue and logistics

Negotiation venue, expertise and facility

Institutional resources for inter-regional cooperation Level of consistency in public goods and services delivery capacity

Level of consistency in public and private goods and services prices

Number of regional 砺enture・with balanced and complementary comparative advantages

Rate of expansion in coverage of public goods and services delivery capacity

Competitive public and private goods costs (vis-・vis other regions)

Competitive price of the region's products in the global market


Slide 22: Stage 1: Identify gaps and overlaps between member countries

  • Inventory and assessment of fire management capacities in ASEAN member countries (1998)
  • Review of forest firefighting training status within the region (1999)
  • Review of the extent and status of peatlands - work under APMI (2003/ongoing)

Slide 23:  Stage 1: Document common development problems, interventions, solutions

  • Conduct of dialogue sessions on zero burning, field visits, demonstration of best practices (2000- )
  • Development of guidelines on zero burning practices (2003)
  • Development of guidelines on controlled burning (2003)
  • Demonstrations & replication of models to be done at national level

Slide 24:  Stage 1: Disseminate knowledge and experiences

World Conference and Exhibition on Land and Forest Fire Hazards (June 2002, Malaysia)


Slide 25: Stage 1: Disseminate knowledge and experiences


Slide 26: Stage 2: Bridging the gaps by providing technical assistance

Fire Suppression Mobilisation Plans in selected districts:

  • Musi Banyuasin, Muara Enim (1999), Ogan Komering Ilir, and Musi Rawas (2000) of South Sumatra province
  • Banjar and Tanah Laut districts of South Kalimantan province (2000)
  • Kutai Barat district of East Kalimantan province (2001)
  • Tanjung Jabung Barat district of Jambi province (2002)

Models to be replicated in other districts and implemented at provincial level


Slide 27: Stage 2: Bridging the gaps by providing technical assistance

Fire Suppression Mobilisation Plans (provincial and district level) in West Kalimantan (2001):

  • SOP or Protap of West Kalimantan formalised by SK Gubernur No. 41/2001 and suggestion to replicate the model in other provinces

Fire Suppression Mobilisation Plans (provincial and district level) in Riau Province (1999, 2001)


Slide 28: Stage 2: Bridging the gaps by providing technical assistance

Workshop to explore traditional values of Dayak and Melayu tribes in managing fires & haze (March 2001)

Pilot project on community-based fire management in Rasau Jaya, West Kalimantan

  • development of a model of "Masyarakat Peduli Api"
  • inputs for the development of ASEAN痴 controlled burning guidelines
  • replication of the models in other fire-prone districts

Slide 29: Stage 3: Development of standards and procedures

SOP to provide guidelines for the implementation of monitoring, assessment and joint emergency response components under the Haze Agreement


Slide 30: Stage 4: Achieving Regional Economies of scale

ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ASMC) as a regional monitoring centre for land and forest fire and transboundary haze pollution

Regional information clearinghouse ASEAN Haze Action Online www.haze-online.or.id

Regional inventory of firefighting resources available online for members


Slide 31: Regionality Criteria

The problem or need is regional, not national by definition

The problem or need requires regional cooperation to bring about a solution


Slide 32: APRAISAL AND ENDORSEMENT PROCESS OF PROJECT PROPOSALS

  1. Submission through an ASEAN Sub-Committee or Working Group
  2. Forwarding of proposal to relevant ASEAN Secretariat Bureaux
  3. Proposal format and project design review by PCU
  4. Project appraisal by PAC
  5. PAC recommendations to revise, reformulate, or proceed
  6. Forwarding of PAC recommendations to Sub-Committee or Working Group
    (this is an iterative process in the case of revision or reformulation)
  7. Presentation to an ASEAN Committee or Senior Officials Meeting for endorsement
    Forwarding of proposal to ASEAN Secretariat for further transmittal to the ASEAN
    Standing Committee (ASC)
  8. Presentation of the proposal to ASEAN Standing Committee for Endorsement
  9. Presentation of the proposal to Dialogue Partner for funding


Slide 33: Some Suggestions for the AFP

  • Set common visions and goals
  • Determine ways of doing things
  • Establish mechanisms for implementation and monitoring
  • Set clear priority and criteria
  • Develop long-term, medium-term and operational plans
  • Determine appropriate development interventions for each stage of cooperation
  • Form leadership to spearhead activities
  • Get sufficient technical support
  • Establish strong coordination support
  • Ensure members' plans correspond to agendas of AFP

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